Women and High Heels

Speaker: Date: Speech Topic: high heel shoes, what effect do they have on women? Specific Purpose: To inform women that even though we love our heels they can be hazardous if not worn in moderation. Introduction I. Women will wear their heels high, no matter the cost. If our wallets don’t suffer, our feet surely will. II. When a woman puts on a pair of heels, she feels sexy and powerful. She knows the men are watching her, and she is the center of attention (even if it’s all in her mind) She will spend her last dime on a beautiful pair of shoes, but did you know that over time those high heels can cause major damage to your feet?What’s so special about high heels, that women would spend their last dime and risk being in pain? I. The advantage of wearing high heels. A. When a woman puts on a pair of heels, she suddenly feels sexy, and confident. Have you ever noticed when you see a lady in a pair of these shoes she walks a little different? B. Her butt lifts a lit tle higher C. Her legs appear to be longer D. Her body appears to be leaner When a woman has nice shoes, not only does she get compliments from men, but other women will come to her and say â€Å"I love your shoes!Where did you get those â€Å" She may reply back â€Å"these old things? She loves the attention but she will never tell where she got them. II. The Price: According to a survey done with 3000 women by ONEPOLL the average woman will spend over 26,000 on shoes in her lifetime. A. 29 percent of ladies say shoes are the one thing they can’t resist buying, regardless of whether they can afford them. B. Not only do women wear shoes to turn heads of men, but we also buy them to be the center of attention around other women C.You can tell a lot about a woman based off her heels, it can be a sign of â€Å"status. † She may feel expensive by sporting a high priced pair of heels. III. The price we pay with our feet: High heel shoes can have a number of detrimental effects on the feet, some that could result in the need for surgery or lifelong pain A. Bunions B. Corns C. Hammer toe: D. Morton's neuroma E. Pump bump There is nothing wrong with wearing your favorite heels but it should be done in moderation. If you are going to happy hour, please don’t wear your heels to class, work and then happy hour.The effect over years can be very damaging to your body. Conclusion I. Review: a woman in a pair of heels can feel like she is the center of attention. She is sexy and confident; her body looks great and she feels like a diva entering a room. She does not mind paying a high price for her favorite pair of heels, even if they hurt her feet after a few hours. The average woman may spend more than 26 thousand dollars in her life time on shoes alone, but if she is not careful she may be paying to have surgery on her feet as well. II.Closing: There are some safety tips for wearing high heels to keep any damage they may cause to a minimum: Bibliog raphy Innes, Wendy. â€Å"The Effects of Wearing High Heels on the Body. †Ã‚  Symptomfind. com. N. p. , May-June 2012. Web. 27 Feb. 2013 . ;http://www. symptomfind. com/health/effects-of-wearing-high-heels/& gt;. Kelly, Caitlin. â€Å"Women Really Are Shoe-Aholics, Study Shows a And The Problem Is? â€Å"Broadside RSS. N. p. , n. d. Web. 27 Feb. 2013. http://trueslant. com/caitlinkelly/2010/07/23/women-really-are-shoe-aholics-study-shows-and-the-problem-is/

Interpersonal, Group and Collective Behavior Dynamics Essay

Enron is a company that is faced with financial instability but continues to run on dubious dealings including misrepresenting their true financial position (Cohan, 2002). This is done to save the public image of the company hence avoiding the risk of losing investors. American International Group (AIG) is also in a serious financial crisis following cases of mismanagement (FRB, 2009). We shall make a comparison of the group dynamics and internal politics within these two companies. The companies exhibited an element of information blockage. This is holding back adverse news from the public until the last possible moment. This is usually a deliberate act with the aim of maintaining a good public image. It is however followed by lawsuits, hate mails or even death threats from unhappy investors. In Enron’s case, the senior executives withheld any information about financial crisis from the public until it collapsed (Cohan, 2002). AIG maintained a ‘business as usual’ image in the public despite its liquidity issues (FRB, 2009). Motivation to lie or deliberately concealing the truth in an organization was evident in the two companies. The corporate officers do not disclose the truth especially when this truth may put the company into bankruptcy or cost them their jobs. In the case of Enron the lies were inform of hard data, lying about accounting results and a stream of earnings (Williamson, 1970). Questionable accounting practices were meant to hide huge losses that the company suffered. AIG had its share of deliberate lies when it valued its A-A and sub prime property at 1. 7; twice the value used by Lehman. The issue of the board’s oversight function and the business judgment rule is also fairly evident in the two companies he board of directors act as if they are entitled to rely on the honesty and integrity of their subordinates until something wrong happens (Crag & Rebecca, 1996) . The directors of Enron were totally unaware of the severity of the company’s financial crisis until its collapse. A directors were too ignorant of the liquidity problem to the extend of planning for a lavish retreat for themselves. The subordinate managers have persuasive interest in concealing the bad news. This is meant to avoid or delay personal embarrassment and other associated risks such as the likelihood of a price drop in its shares. In Enron, individual executives who decided to hide the dubious partnership feared erosion of status (Cohan, 2002). They felt that they needed to protect both their self and external image. The same case was evident in AIG, where the subordinate managers saw the need for over costing their assets to redeem their image. Overconfidence and optimism is displayed in the two companies by the senior executives especially in press releases. Overconfidence creates a strong image for any company in the eyes of the public. Executives who are overconfident and optimistic are considered to be successful managers. This is because they are able to persuade and influence people even in the face of a crisis. The executives in Enron and AIG were also in the bid of making a name for themselves. Senior executives assured employees would continuously rise even in the event of financial instability in Enron. The chief executive officer in AIG assured investors that they would still get their bonuses even as the company was being bailed out (FRB, 2009). Corporate ‘culture’ cannot be ruled out in the management of the two companies. This refers to the norms of the company which are well known to the management and the subordinate employees. They supersede other business or ethical laws in case of a conflict. Cynism as a corporate culture fosters the breaking of rules as a means to succeed. Ethical rules are under enforced with the focus being to maximize profits. The Enron and AIG were caught up in this culture when they faced a financial crisis. They misrepresented their debts and assets respectively in the company’s sheet so as to reflect high profits and attract investors (Cohan, 2002). All this is done in total disregard for accounting ethics. Myopic information within the organization is also prevalent in the two companies. This might be due to our limited cognitive capabilities but more so because the executives are too busy to deal with abundant data. They prefer sifting this data and extracting only what is relevant. They may also be lacking the skill to analyze and understand the data as was the case of Enron’s former chairman Mr. Kenneth Lay. The directors in AIG and Enron, focused on information that confirmed their prior attitudes of leading institutions in the market. They disregarded any disconfirming information of possible collapse or liquidity issues. This is normally referred to as cognitive dissonance. It is usually difficult to change these beliefs as one is seen as a threat to the company’s status quo. Ms. Watkins, an employee in Enron became such a threat by warning a senior manager of a possible collapse (Cohan, 2002). A chief executive officer’s proposal in AIG was ignored on the same basis (FRB, 2009). Intimidation of subordinate employees by the senior employees is prevalent in Enron but not in AIG. In Enron, investigations against Mr. Andrew a former chief financial officer and other senior officers who were involved in fraud cases did not happen since no one was confident enough to confront them (Cohan, 2002). In AIG the accounting scandal is thoroughly investigated and no one is spared including a former chairman of the board. REFERENCES: Federal Reserve Bank. (2009). History and development of AIG. Retrieved May 26,2009, from http://www. federalbank. orf/history/development. pdf Herbert, A. S. (1955). A behavioral model of rational choice. John, A. C. (2002). †I didn’t know† and â€Å"I was only doing my job†. Has corporate governance careened out of control? A case study of Enron’s information myopia. Journal of Business Ethics, 40 (3),275-299. Paul Z. & Janet A. (1997). The social influence of confidence in group decision making.

The motional behaviour of teachers in the classroom

This essay is chiefly related with the methodological analysis portion of my thesis. Particularly, which method I will follow in order to garner my informations. In this paper, foremost of all, I will mention the rubric, the purpose and the research inquiries of my survey. These are critical elements to understand person the general subject. Then, I will compose in some words the grounds, for which I chose this issue and after that the method, which I will utilize and follow. My method is the interviews, which belongs to qualitative research. Thus, I will advert what is the qualitative research and which are its advantages in pattern. A small mention will go in the instance survey, which is straight related with the qualitative research. After this preliminary information, I will develop my basic methodological analysis, the interviews. The definition will be given and for which grounds are good, utile and helpful to utilize this technique. In the 2nd portion of this essay the basic issue is the pilot survey. How is defined this significance and which are the chief advantages of this survey. I will besides advert why I used the pilot survey and how it helped me in my chief research. In the terminal of the essay, I will mention my interview inquiries and what alterations and amendments I did after the pilot survey with the purpose to be more successfully my research. All this paper has as a end to steer and assist me with the 2nd portion of my thesis, the methodological analysis portion. The rubric of my thesis is â€Å" The motional behavior of instructors in the schoolroom and how this impacts upon students † . I think that it is a really of import and singular issue for the educational process and educational advancement. This research will be carried out in Greece and more specifically in a specific school in Athens. I think that in my state, the emotional behavior of instructors and the psychological science of kids during the lesson is a subject, which provokes a large involvement to the instructors, the pupils, the parents and to the society in general. This has a direct relation with the students and strongly affects the public presentation and the advancement of kids in the school. I as a high school teacher am interested in the emotional behavior of instructors towards pupils. Maybe it is non a really popular subject but I consider that there are many interesting facets, which would be good to be investigated. This may assist the instructors to be im proved and the kids to hold a better public presentation and advancement in the educational procedure. Therefore, this is a basic factor, for which I chose this rubric in footings of class with the deficiency of research in Greece in conformity with the above issue. The purpose of my research is to derive an apprehension of behavior in the schoolroom in Greece. Through this survey I have purpose to reply some research inquiries, which are related with my issue. The first is: How of import do instructors comprehend emotion to be within learning and larning? And the 2nd is: What types of affectional behavior aid or impede instruction and acquisition? In order to garner all the necessary and utile information for my survey, I decided to utilize the method of interview. I will take interviews from six high school instructors from one school of Athens. The instructors will be from different countries for illustration: philologues, mathematicians, physicists and chemists in order to hold a better and a more dependable consequence. The first measure for the interviews was the consent of the schoolmaster of school and after that the consent of teachers- participants. Of class, I have every bit purpose to keep all the ethical issues such as the confidentiality, the namelessness and the right to retreat. The above steps are necessary for a right interview. Nowadays, one can transport out a research, utilizing different techniques, which are divided into two classs: the quantitative and the qualitative methodological analysis. In my thesis as I have above mentioned I will utilize interviews, which belong to qualitative research method with the method of observation and the focal point group. ‘Qualitative research is a type of scientific research. In general, scientific research consists of an probe that: seeks replies to a inquiry, consistently uses a predefined set of processs to reply the inquiry, collects grounds, produces findings that were non determined in progress and produces findings that are applicable beyond the immediate boundaries of the survey ‘ ( Qualitative Research Methods: A Data Collector ‘s Field Guide, undated:2 ) . This type of research is really effectual in order to garner some information about the behavior, the sentiments and the attitudes. Furthermore, as Wimmer and Dominick ( 1997:84 ) refer ence that the most of import in the qualitative research is the deepness of the informations and non the comprehensiveness of the informations. Harmonizing to Colorado State University ( 1993- 2011 ) the ‘case survey refers to the aggregation and presentation of elaborate information about a peculiar participant or little group, often including the histories of topics themselves. A signifier of qualitative descriptive research, the instance survey looks intensely at an person or little participant pool, pulling decisions merely about that participant or group and merely in that specific context ‘ . Case survey, as Feagin, Orum and Sjoberg ( 1991 ) refers, is considered an ideal methodological analysis. This survey is used for assorted researches, which are related with sociological surveies and more specifically with the instruction. The instance survey is a really good method and beginning about the subjects of the behavior and investigates infrequent phenomena. In add-on, it is really utile to near theoretical premises and it gives you an chance for invention. At last, it is a good solution for the basic group of psychological science, Eisenhardt ( 1989:536- 537 ) high spots. Frey and Oishi ( 1995:1 ) refers that the definition of interview is ‘a purposeful conversation in which one individual asks prepared inquiries ( interviewer ) and another replies them ( respondent ) ‘ . Trochim ( 2006:1 ) high spots that interviews are the most ambitious and interesting signifiers of happening information. The most appropriate manner for the informations aggregation is a personal interview which enables us to roll up our replies personally and follow our inquiries. As Oakley ( 1981:32 ) underscores that a individual ‘s thoughts and positions are more freely expressed and sometimes leting the interviews to inquire farther inquiries depending to the replies or sometimes the modulation of the reply. Interviews are as a conversation between two people with the purpose to carry through the purposes of the research, Best ( 2010:2 ) . In order for an interview to be successful it must be in signifier of friendly conversation but in the interim give all th e needed information needed, Goode and Hatt ( 1952:191 ) supports. ‘The motive of successful interviewing is ‘be friendly but non excessively friendly † ( Oakley, 1981:33 ) . Besides, all the research workers want to garner dependable findings but necessary status for this is the respondents to be sincere and give full replies in the inquiries. If it is non go on this, so there is large job the results to be misrepresented, Best ( 2010 ) references. Harmonizing to Evaluation toolkit ( 2006 ) interviews as method are particularly utile. First of all through this method everyone has the chance to look into different subjects in deepness. Besides, the research workers can understand how the participants think, feel and what is their sentiment for the specific issue. In add-on, interviews help the participants to experience more comfy about the sensitive subjects and of class add a human dimension to impersonal informations. Furthermore, with this method one can garner more information and inside informations about the personal feelings and perceptual experiences of the participants and the inquiries can go more elaborate. There is a high proportion of credence and the words of the participants are recorded word by word. Furthermore, another important advantage is that the inquiries can be made clearer and more specific because the conversation is face to face. The same can go on for the replies if they are considered that their replies are lacking. Similar state of affairs can go on when it is necessary to go elucidation about the context of the inquiries as for illustration when pupils have English as 2nd linguistic communication. Finally, in this method each participant is entirely showing his/ her sentiment and there is no danger to be affected by the other participants. Similar position is supported by the British Educational Research Association ( BERA ) ( 2006- 2011 ) , which think that the method of interview is the best manner to cognize whatever you want, to garner all the informations and in general BERA consider that the above method is the most effectual manner for the different positions and sentiments of people. The inquiries in this instance are the same and there is the chance to reiterate the interview and analyze a big figure of people rapidly and easy. Another basic ground, for which it is good to utilize this method, is the formal relationship between the research worker and the interviewee. The seconds know really good what the number ones want from them. Consequently, via an interview there is no possibility to be uncomplete or to be obscure the replies. This may go on because each research worker guides the conversation without of class impacting them ( Sociological Research Skills, dateless: 1- 2 ) . Harmonizing to the Association for Qualitative Research ( AQR ) ( undated ) the pilot survey is ‘a little survey conducted in progress of a planned undertaking, specifically to prove facets of the research design ( such as stimulus stuff ) and to let necessary accommodation before concluding committedness to the design ‘ . The pilot survey is a little experiment, which designed to prove the informations aggregation and has as purpose the betterment and the effectivity of the quality. It is normally less than the chief research and accordingly can supply limited information and inside informations as Ruxton and Colegrave ( 2006 ) underscores. The pilot survey is particularly utile for the behavior of one research and it has a batch of advantages. A important advantage of this survey is that it can give progress warning about where the chief research could neglect. Furthermore, it can assist you to gain if the methodological analysis of the research is appropriate for garnering all the information or if it is excessively complicated. Some other advantages are that you can measure if the technique, which will utilize is effectual. How many possibilities there are in order to be successful the research and how much you can near your subject. You can plan protocol and so to measure if this protocol is execu table. You besides have the possibility to cognize the beginnings, which are needed for this survey as for illustration the staff or the finance. Therefore, the research worker assesses the techniques of the informations aggregation and possible jobs in the chief research. Another dramatic plus is the aggregation of preliminary informations, which will be really utile for the chief research. This is so helpful because the research worker obtain as many elements for the research procedure. Finally, in the instance of funding the relevant organic structures are really of import to cognize if the research squad have the appropriate abilities, deserving support and can be supported by these organic structures. In some words, the significance of the pilot survey, as De Vaus ( 1993:54 ) high spots, is ‘Do non take the hazard. Pilot test first ‘ . For these grounds I did pilot survey before my research. First of all, I had written some inquiries, which I applied to two other people except from the six basic participants. Of class, these two people were high school instructors and are direct related with the instruction and the educational procedure. The inquiries of my interviews are particularly related with the psychological science, the emotional behavior of instructors and the relationship between instructors and pupils. After the pilot survey, I made some alterations and amendments in order to go more comprehendible and apprehensible. In peculiar, the first inquiry is for the instruction background of instructors. How long have you been learning and where did you develop. Another inquiry is if you study psychological science as portion of your undergraduate grade. Then, what is the relationship between instructors and pupils. Is it distant or friendly? What is your learning manner? Is it rigorous, relaxed or friendly? The following has relation with the emotional behavior of instructors and the public presentation of pupils. Is it better to demo emotion or non? In what ways? Do you believe that demoing emotion can do instruction and larning more effectual? Do you believe that you would hold been benefited from holding a great cognition of psychological science in your learning preparation and why. For illustration, in the first agenda the inquiry about the emotional behavior of instructors was perfectly indistinct and the interviewees could non reply. This understood it because the participants did long clip to answer and they looked me with admiration. In order to reply, they asked me more elucidative inquiries and after this process were ready to get down. The same happened with the inquiry about the psychological science. In the first program the issue was if they considered of import the psychological science in instruction. In this instance, the inquiry was really obscure and general and I had to go more specific in order to steer the participants. On the other manus, during the pilot survey, I asked the two instructors for their teaching manner during the lesson in the schoolroom. Hearing their replies, I comprehended that they referred besides in their relationship with their pupils. Therefore, I decided to add this inquiry in my interview agenda. Finally, after the pilot survey I looked once more my inquiries really careful for troubles and jobs and I tried to do them clear every bit more as possible. More specifically, this process helps me really much to understand and to gain different jobs about my inquiries. In peculiar, I found in some points that my inquiries were equivocal and tenebrific. For illustration, the respondents do non grok really clear what I precisely mean and as a consequence there is confusion in the replies consequently. It is really hard to get down the methodological analysis portion of one research without making pilot survey. Here, the participants are active members, single personalities and there are many possibilities, each individual to grok the inquiry with different manner. Therefore, each research worker should be really careful ; otherwise the research will non hold the expected result and its consequence will be undependably. Except from this, treating the information from the replies, which they gave me, I had the chance to believe about the other facets of my issue and therefore added new inquiries in the first agenda. All this process, decide dly, had positive impact on the informations aggregation because it helped me to cover the subject every bit more as possible. Furthermore, via this survey, I managed to larn more things about this subject and I was to the full prepared for the following measure.DecisionTo sum it up, the basic point of this paper is the technique of interviews, the method aggregation of informations which support to the qualitative methodological analysis, every bit good as the pilot survey. The most of import of this essay is that the interview is one of the best methods in order to roll up some information for a research. In general it is really utile while the communicating is friendlier in comparing with the other methods and the participant can freely expressed his/ her sentiment. In add-on, you have the opportunity to explicate and clear up the inquiries because the interview is face to face. On the other manus, the 2nd large subject is the pilot survey. It is besides helpful and utile but thi s takes portion before the chief research. This process helped me really much to do my inquiries really clear and to better my interview agenda. After my experience, I realised that the pilot survey should be compulsory to carry on a successful research every bit good as has perfectly positive impact on its development. The alterations, the amendments and the augmentation some inquiries seem to be important elements for dependable findings. It is doubtless that the results of my probe after the pilot survey are more valid than earlier. It is true that the methodological analysis portion may be the most hard but besides the most indispensable component. It is the point, in which 1 ought to give a batch of attending because it is the nucleus and the cardinal portion of each research. hypertext transfer protocol: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interview hypertext transfer protocol: //www.aber.ac.uk/media/Students/aeo9702.html hypertext transfer protocol: //www.evalued.bcu.ac.uk/tutorial/4c.htm hypertext transfer protocol: //www.bera.ac.uk/data-collection-interviews-in-research/ hypertext transfer protocol: //www.sociology.org.uk/methsi.pdf hypertext transfer protocol: //sru.soc.surrey.ac.uk/SRU35.pdf Ruxton GD & A ; Colegrave N ( 2006 ) Experimental Design for the Life Sciences ( 2nd edition ) . Oxford: Oxford University Press. hypertext transfer protocol: //writing.colostate.edu/index.cfm Best, S. ( 2010 ) ‘Course Materials: Interviews: Supporting Materials ‘ , Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //blackboard.manchester.ac.uk/webct/urw/lc5116011.tp0/cobalt MainFrame.dowebct, Last Accessed: 5 May 2011

BUSINESS LAW PRESENTATION Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

BUSINESS LAW PRESENTATION - Essay Example Any debts of the company thus are not the responsibility of the shareholders save to the extent of the value of their investments in the company. The case of Solomon Vs Solomon ([1897] AC 22) laid strong foundation for this principal and has been cited as a landmark case in times of debate and confusion by the courts all over the world. The judgment also recognised that the principle was to be of general nature assuming that there was "no fraud and no agency and if the company was a real one and not a fiction or a myth." Hence one can say that the courts would disregard corporate form in case it was used: Over the years the corporate veil has been pierced in the circumstances when the courts have gone beyond the artificial legal status of a corporate to fix responsibility on human interface this is commonly known as piecing (lifting) the corporate veil. Based on the decided cases the circumstances under which the courts have 'lifted the veil of incorporation' can be broadly categorised as follows: 1. 1. Where a relationship of agency is found to exist - In the case of Smith, Stone and Knight v Birmingham Corporation [1939] All ER 116 the plaintiff company successfully received the compensation for the land on which its subsidiary was located, acquired by the defendant by proving that the subsidiary had acted as its agent at all the times and it should not be treated as a separate legal entity from it. The court looked for six affirmative answers to the questions for deciding the case which were; a) treatment of the profits that of the parent b) managers of the subsidiary appointed by the parent c) was the parent the "head and brains" of the trading venture d) did the parent govern the venture e) the skill and control of parent enabled the profit of the subsidiary f) was the parent de facto constant controller of the subsidiary In the case of Munton Bros Limited v Secretary of State [1983] NI 369 the judge opined that while courts are loath to treat a company as an agent of individual shareholders, they are not that reluctant to treat a subsidiary of a parent as its agent as in such a case the concept of incorporation is not violated. 2. Where the company is being used as a mechanism to avoid legal obligations - Here the decisions as based on whether the legal obligations are present or future. In case present legal obligations are being avoided, the courts have disregarded the corporate identity as in the cases of Cummings v Stewart [1911] 1 IR 236 and Mastertrade (Exports) Limited v Phelan 4 December 2001, Unreported, High Court (Murphy J) the legal obligations were sought to be avoided behind the cloak of corporate structure which as pierced by the courts. In the case of Adams v Cape Industries [1990] Ch 433, the courts refused to disregard the corporate identity as it was an inherent right within the corporate law to use the corporate structure such that the future legal liabilities fall on another company

Political Science Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 15

Political Science - Essay Example Islamic countries always delays behind this, because most of the terrorist attacks in the World are linked with Islam. Hosni Mubarak (the Egyptian president). Protests in Cairo’s Tahrir alarms Mubarak to quit the office in January 25th, though Mubarak stepped down in February 2011 and a military body formed (pg,87). .After Mubarak’s resignation women filled only two percent of the parliamentary seats which was fewer as compared to the Hosni Mubarak’s reign in the office. After Mubarak was driven from the office women in Cairo complained of the taken freedom since they were harassed sexually by the Cairo men (pg, 359). Is a multinational Islamic political association initiated in Egypt 1928 and is considered a terrorist group by the Egyptians and Russian governments. A rebellion by the Syrian Muslim Brotherhood counter to President Hafez al –Assad’s rule in 1982 led to death of thousands of people, the actions were the finale of clashes amongst the Syrian rule and the Muslim Brotherhood that initiated in March 1979 with an attack against the military institute in the northern city of Aleppo. This lasted Syrian armies over three weeks to outdo the Muslim Brotherhood (pg, 34). Mohammed Morsi was a leader of the once banned Muslim Brotherhood and elected Egypt’s president in June 2012 until July 2013, after he was taken out of office by field Marshal Al-Sisi during the Egyptian revolution. He was disapproved by the freedom house for the discharge of the lower house. Anwar Sadat succeeded Nasser in 1970 and became Egypt’s third president until his assassination by fundamentalist army colonels in 1981, he reinstituted a multiparty organization and relocated away from Nasser’s Arab social democracy (pg, 91). Developing states have involved democracy and commercial reforms which encompassed oil exportation, where ten oil exporting nations have their markets and politics influenced

Benchmarking Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Benchmarking - Assignment Example The intention of this study is benchmarking as an improvement process which is mainly used to discover as well as incorporate the best practices in operation. It is the most preferred process which understands and identifies the elements of world class performance in work process. There are four processes in benchmarking which includes planning, analysis, action and review. There are three different types of benchmarking which includes internal, external and best practice. About 70% of the fortune 500 companies goes for benchmarking companies like Ford Motor Company had benchmarked its function of account payable against Mazda Motor. Studies have shown that top management usually does not support the benchmarking. Mangers should not be discouraged from the process of benchmarking. It provides managers to know their goals through the data. According to Betts, there are people who perceive that their individual performance is better than actually it is which is also termed as the Lake Wobegon effect. Betts have conducted a research to seek if these phenomena are also present when the employees are asked to give their views on the performance of the organization. Overestimation of performance is common in organization as well as in individuals. Individuals rate themselves better than they actually are projected with the help of an example. Around 87% of MBA students at Stanford rate their performance to be at top in comparison with their peers, about 90% of the students believed that were above average and only 10% thought they were below average. Similar is with organizations. Thus benchmarking is important in order to escape from the Lake Wobegon effect as the consequences of this performance may not result to be effective for organizations or mangers. According to Alfred North Whitehead, it is not ignorance but ignorance of ignorance which leads to the death of knowledge. The performers who are below the average and are ignorant of the fact that they are poorer performer usually are not motivated to improve (Betts, Croom & Lu, 2011, p.734). Lake Wobegon effect or benchmarking revolves around perverse dynamic. The mangers believe that they are above average performers. But in reality not all mangers are above average neither does all of them deserve to get a performance bonus. Therefore establishing an appropriate peer group and benchmarking is the only option to establish a competitive edge over the competitors (Lipman & Hall, 2008, p.33). Therefore it has been proved that overestimation of performance is common in organizations and individuals. As per a survey conducted by Betts, it has been proved that overestimation of performance is common as 75 % of the employees reported above average performance, 20 of them reported average performance and only about 5% reported to be below average performance. The people are bad at understanding the average performance basically when they are to evaluate the performance of organization in which th ey work. Therefore the consequence of over estimating is likely to bring about a change and so a greater effort should be put on benchmarking performance and also in spreading awareness in respect to benchmarked to the organization (Betts, Croom & Lu, 2011, p.740). Thus creating a need for change is must in the organization but as seen the management decision of benchmarking usually creates a resistance in the employees. Change is an important aspect and should be done on regular intervals. Manager’s use benchmarking to compare the performance of employees on some given dimension in comparison with other organizations performance so that it can be decided how successful the change has been. For example, when Xerox was

How to Expand and Improve the Market of Preschool Education and Adult Research Paper

How to Expand and Improve the Market of Preschool Education and Adult Education - Research Paper Example The paper tells that preschool education focuses on taking care of kids on behalf of their parents and teaching them the simplified basic education. These kids, apart from learning, will be fed and cleaned in these schools. Adult education entails providing knowledge to people of over eighteen years old and with low education level. These people are taught how to write, read and do a simple calculation. They can also be educated on various topics regarding life such as health, hygiene, and agriculture and drug abuse. A successful adult education system requires a properly planned, well organized and working program. Preschool and adult education is a new business opportunity in the modern world and should be exploited. Currently, this system of preschool and adult education has already seen some success in different parts of the world. However, this sector needs to be expanded and improved remarkably. The expansion can include setting up the fully equipped school with buildings and a ll the facilities as well as enough staff to carry out all the activities of the institution. The idea is to come up with an institution that will cater for both children and adult classes simultaneously. The institutions can be combined or built separately depending on the available land. These institutions will offer both education and other services such as a provision of meals and drinks to the students. The future prospect of these institutions is very promising because everyone in the current world is yearning for knowledge. To the young career mothers, it is an excellent opportunity as they can get adequate time to attend to their jobs without having to worry about a nanny. The increasing number of career women has led to an even earlier age introduction of kids in preschool education at a very tender age of fewer than 3 years old. The older people who have less education are also so ready to embrace these services so that they are not left behind in the fast transforming wor ld.

Evaluate Chinas policies towards self-determination Essay

Evaluate Chinas policies towards self-determination - Essay Example Sometimes it is also treated as a particular collective right, distinct from individual rights. It is a disputed principle in ethics, with some arguing that no such entitlement exists, other than perhaps the right to resist or secede from tyranny. United Nations has stated clearly in its â€Å"International Covenant On Civil And Political Rights† that all peoples have the right of self-determination. All people, by virtue of this right, may freely determine their political status and freely pursue their economic, social and cultural development; all peoples may, for their own ends, freely dispose of their natural wealth and resources without prejudice to any obligations arising out of international economic cooperation, based upon the principle of mutual benefit, and international law; in no case may a people be deprived of its own means of subsistence. The States Parties to the present Covenant, including those having responsibility for the administration of Non-Self-Governing and Trust Territories, therefore, shall endorse the recognition of the right of self determination, and shall pay reverence to that right, in conformity with the provisions of the Charter of the United Nations. Before going into further details about the right to self determination and China’s policy towards it, it would be better to have some ideas about the political system and the political thoughts of China. It would provide a better understanding regarding China’s stand on the issue of self-determination. The Chinese political institution considers China as a single centralized state embracing all persons of Sinic culture, who are united under a common social order and a common political dispensation, with no exceptions. This Chinese polity is the oldest continuous one, which has survived since ancient times. A significant aspect of China is its long national history. In China, the imperial dynastic system prevailed for a long period. In

Eugne Delacroix Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Eugne Delacroix - Research Paper Example As a French citizen he was keenly interested in politics as portrayed in his work, Liberty Leading the People (1830). He travelled far and wide, incorporating the Oriental culture in his work. He passes down an impressive legacy to his descendants especially the artistic school of the Impressionists and Neo-Impressionists. Eugene de la Croix was contemporary with the Romanticism movement spanning from 1790 to 1850, rose as a reactionary wave against the Age of Reason or Enlightenment. Romantics are characterized by nature, sentimentalism, idealism, imagination, religion, utopia, memory, symbolism, and heroism. All of these attributes are evidenced in Eugene de la Croix’s works of art. Romanticism is set apart from other epochs because it asserted the importance of individualism; therefore, romantic writers had the liberty to conform to the ideals of the movement and to detour in a new direction according to their own individual desires. De la Croix himself was described as ind ividualist because despite the heritage of his predecessors like Michaelangelo, he invented himself by his own paintings. Because of Enlightenment’s neglect, Romanticism reasserts nature, feeling, memory, symbolic representation, imagination, myth, and spirituality. One can find all these details in De la Croix art work. In Romanticism, nature is lauded as one of the most supreme objects of observation. Feelings and sentimentalism are core aspects of Romanticism since feelings and emotions are the channels through which man expresses thought and creativity. Romantics though that sensory and sensual perceptions also where vital in validating man as a being and not solely the mind as enlightenment intellectuals taught. Memory and imagination are mental transactions which evoke, project, and create images. In memory, anything can happen details can be altered, exaggerated, idealized, and forgotten. Frequently in the romantics’ works, nostalgia and a tender evoking of the past play prominent roles where the romantic’s retrospective vision is viewed in idyllic and perfect color. Romantics often call mythological examples in order to their aid in describing or adding further spiritual or literary significance to their writing. Key examples of De la Croix religious and mythological depictions are Adam and Eva, Christ on the Cross, St. Michael Defeats the Devil, Apollo and the Satyrs, Andromeda, Medea about to Kill Her Children, Apollo Slays Python etc. Eugene de la Croix’s most prominent painting is undoubtedly, â€Å"Liberty Leading the People† (1830). Inspired by the French Revolution of 1830, this painting evokes political idealism and depicts the personified values of the French Republic. â€Å"Delacroix's Liberty carries a tricolor and a rifle, and is in fact leading a revolutionary insurrection. Liberty Guiding the People also strides robustly forward, trampling bodies under foot† (Silverman 72). Portraying France durin g this tumultuous and embattled period, Eugene de la Croix mixes some hard realism with his idealism. The devastating effects of war – fought most times in the name of liberty – are violence and death. However, ironically war and revolution lead to the freedom of the people. This masterpiece sends oxymoronic messages: life vs. death, order vs. disorder, happiness and uncertainty. Here De la Croix himself during the French Revolution of July 1830 describes, â€Å"the fierceness of a combat, in which Liberty herself is the leader and the

Time Value of Money SL4 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Time Value of Money SL4 - Essay Example I. Surge of economic challenges. In the recent past there has been an increase in the economic challenges that makes borrowing of capital a hard tussle. Most lending institutions have to put it hard since there is much of economic crunch. This makes health care to merge so as to increase the trust for borrowing. II. High interests that are charged. There is high interest charged in borrowing that makes many health care industries to merge so as to combine their resources. The fees that banks are charging for letters-of-credit associated with variable rate debt structures have doubled or even tripled in cost. IV. Lack of access to capital. Therefore lack of current capital accelerates consolidation in the industry through mergers, acquisitions, and closures. Hospitals making major improvements to their facility prior to the credit market disruptions will have a competitive advantage. In addition, hospitals with stronger credit profiles will have easier access to capital than hospitals with weaker credit profiles. (Giddy, 2014).Many hospitals are finding themselves unable to access capital at a reasonable cost while at the same time their existing variable rate capital structures are impaired due to credit downgrades with bond insurers, commercial banks, or interest rate swap

China and Europe during the Middle Ages Essay Example for Free

China and Europe during the Middle Ages Essay Globalisation is not new, though. For thousands of years, people and, later, corporations have been buying from and selling to each other in lands at great distances, such as through the famed Silk Road across Central Asia that connected China and Europe during the Middle Ages. Likewise, for centuries, People and corporations have invested in enterprises in other countries. In fact, many of the features of the current wave of globalisation are similar to those prevailing before the outbreak of the First World War in 1914. But policy and technological developments of the past few decades have spurred increases in cross-border trade, investment, and migration so large that many observers believe the world has entered a qualitatively new phase in its economic development. Since 1950, for example, the volume of world trade has increased by twenty times, and from just 1997 to 1999 flows of foreign investment nearly doubled, from $468 billion to $827 billion. Distinguishing this current wave of globalisation from earlier ones, author Thomas Friedman has said that today globalisation is further, faster, cheaper, and deeper. The current wave of globalisation has been driven by policies that have opened economies domestically and internationally. In the years since the Second World War, and especially during the past two decades, many governments have adopted free-market economic systems, vastly increasing their own productive potential and creating myriad new opportunities for international trade and investment. Governments have also negotiated dramatic reductions in barriers to commerce and have established international agreements to promote trade in goods, services, and investment. Taking advantage of new opportunities in foreign markets, corporations have built foreign factories and established production and marketing arrangements with foreign partners. A defining feature of globalisation, therefore, is an international industrial and financial business structure. Technology has been the other principal driver of globalisation. Advances in information technology, in particular, have dramatically transformed economic life. Information technologies have given all sorts of individual economic actors consumers, investors, businesses valuable new tools for identifying and pursuing economic opportunities, including faster and more informed analysis of economic trends around the world, easy transfers of assets, and collaboration with far-flung partners. Globalisation is deeply controversial, however. Proponents of globalisation argue that it allows poor countries and their citizens to develop economically and raise their standards of living; while opponents of globalisation claim that the creation of an unfettered international free market has benefited multinational corporations in the Western world at the expense of local enterprises, local cultures, and common people. Resistance to globalisation has therefore taken shape both at a popular and at a governmental level as people and governments try to manage the flow of capital, labour, goods, and ideas that constitute the current wave of globalisation. COCULSION: In sum, most distinctive conception sees globalisation as a fundamental transformation of human geography on the eve of the twenty-first century; world affairs have acquired a rapidly growing global dimension alongside the territorial framework of old. Of course and this point cannot be stressed too much it is not that territorial space has become wholly irrelevant in contemporary history. We live in a globalising rather than a completely globalised condition. Global spaces of the kind formed through telecommunications, transworld finance, and the like interrelate with territorial spaces, where locality, distance and borders still matter very much. Thus, for example, people have not while acquiring a global imagination discarded their affinities for particular territorial places. Similarly, global marketers have found on countless occasions that they need to tailor their products and promotions to local sensibilities. Globalisation is a process of interaction and integration among the people, companies, and the governments of different nations, a process driven by international trade and investment and aided by information technology. This process has effects on the environment, on culture, on political systems, on economic development and prosperity, and on human physical well being in societies around the world. BIBLIOGRAPHY: www.globalisationguide.org

God and Dignity Essay Example for Free

God and Dignity Essay The researchers would like to dedicate this research paper to those people who have lost their ways and wander in darkness. We hope that even just a little bit, we are able to open your minds and touch your hearts. Always remember that no matter what happens, we will always be there for you and accept you. Acknowledgements The researchers would like to thank and acknowledge these guys and things for helping us in making us finish our research paper. Without these guys, we could have done nothing. Eljays would like to thank the following: Adobe, Google and Acer Laptops. Special thanks to my family and friends for the continuous support you had given to me. Hagi – chan would like to thank the following: Her Values Education book. Who would have even thought that you could be that helpful. My sister’s Val. Ed book and to my over we anime husbands for making me inspired. Title: Dignity: It’s Value Thesis Statement: â€Å"Dignity of a person doesn’t really matter due to temptations like money and lust but still, some people value it.† I. Introduction A. General Background What is dignity? We sometimes encounter this word, some might be familiar. But what is it? Can it be given importance? Can it be forgotten? Well those questions will depend on you, your actions and the way you bring yourself. Dignity means being respected for who you are and what you believe in. That’s something that can be done in both big and little ways. Like saying please or lending a helping hand are ways of showing dignity. Sharing your toys with others or making a donation to a charity are ways of showing dignity too. Just by being kind to others no matter who they are, what they look like and where they come from is a way to show dignity too. (Just by) Well, there are so many ways to show it like a cancer patient fighting against his illness to his death. Now, here’s the word â€Å"death†. Don’t you know dignity can be showed in death? Yes it is, it’s called Death With Dignity. In death with dignity, we all have experiences to share. There are our constituent’s personal stories of courage, pain, joy, fear, sadness and hope. Also, dignity is in women. Ah, yes. The dignity of a woman. Her most important thing that once take away, it will never com back. Just like all things that are lost will never return. It’s just that the â€Å"thing† in woman is just like time, gold and important. This thing is called virginity. Now, I’m very much sure that this word is very familiar to us, especially teenagers. With all the teenage pregnancy, sex trafficking and the porns how come that we wont know that dignity is lost in this field! Were not implying that once you’re not virgin, you don’t have your dignity. This case is totally not the concern for married women, engaged ladies and widows. But what about the girls, teenage girls. They’re young and fresh, so easy to be tempted. That’s why it’s important to know dignity, give its importance and value it for us to lea rn more and watch out. This is what our study’s all about. B. Statement of the problem The researchers would like to seek answers to the following questions: A. What are the possible ways to bring back the lost dignity? B. What are the effects/ impact if the person wreck his/her dignity? C. What’s in dignity that a person or every person should have? D. How can you convince others especially to those who doesn’t value their dignity to give importance to it? E. Which is far more better to die with dignity or to live without dignity? C. Significance of Study As we all know dignity is important as a person with feeling that can feel shame, guilt pain and anger. Our study mainly focuses on two things: death with dignity and living without dignity. Which is more better, which is preferred by others. This study is to wake up those youngsters out there to the things that they are doing which is not right. To right them from their wrongs, to bring light in their minds and to lead them to the right way. As a fellow teenager, we are the ones who can understand them better. Why! We talk the same way, dress the same way and behave the same way. So it’ll be much more better if were the ones to help them too. To let them understand things and no matter what happens, they’re always accepted. II. Body Every human being has the right to be treated with dignity. Dignity is the quality of being worth of respect. This means all of us, regarding of who we are or what we might have done, should be treated with respect. Its because of dignity that we are able to stand up and get to our feet. It’s the reason we feel good about ourselves and that we thought that others should respect us. Dignity comes from the Latin adjective (which means) â€Å"dignees† which means â€Å"worthy†. You see, our dignity makes us worthy for others. That’s why the higher, the more dignity a person has, the more likely he or she is respected and has great esteem to others. The dignity given to the human person allows him or her to manifest his or her worth, specifically, inner worth. God design for the human person is to posses and inherit self-worth and to be worthy of respect because he or she is a creation of God. By elevating his or her intellect to God and by fulfilling the precepts contained in the moral law through the exercise of his or her will, the human person earns greater worth and dignity. But no matter how hard a person tries to keep his or her dignity here are temptations all over us. Those things to keep his or her dignity, there are temptations all over us. Those things leads us to do evil. They tempted us and once we had done it, it’s hard to stop. And sometimes the evil we do can result in scandal. Scandal comes from the Latin word â€Å"scandalum† meaning a stone that causes people to trip over. If the sin you committed caused others to follow your example, then you are also guilty for their sins because you brought it about. God created the human person in his image and likeness. As the divine image the human person possesses intrinsic dignity. When the human person inherited the sin from Adam and Eve, sin also become part of human life. Doing wrong or cooperating in evil diminishes the dignity of the human person. It is like the thing that the bible stated at Genesis 2:16 – 17, â€Å"And the Lord God commanded to man, saying, ‘from any tree of the garden you may freely eat, but from the tree of knowledge of good and evil you shall not eat, for in the day that you eat from it, you shall surely die’†. Ever since that we humans are capable of doing evil. Evil destroys dignity and there are bout hundreds of things to do it. No, probably thousands. Even a regular high school student can destroy his or her dignity. Fro example, a student rather an honor student was caught cheating on a major examination. What do you thing are the possible things that have happened to him or her? The teachers won’t believe in him or her anymore, people will start rumors and worst he or she might get detention or be expelled. Another example is that teenage girls being pregnant. Now that is a very big issue. Normally, people will look down on her and all her life will be covered in regret and shame but that depends on the person. It depends if she is a strong one or a weakling. Yes, we are created by God but we have different thoughts and personalities as well. We are unique in her own ways. Now, are these ways to bring back the lost dignity? Of Course not, just like things that are lost it will never turn. But, you can always have and make a new one. Something much more better than the previous one. But its not easy making new ones proving others that they are wrong and not every body is perfect. You feel regret and a little bit down. It’s like you wanna cry your whole life but every time you see your inspiration, that feeling disappears. It’s the reason why others still fights and currently living. They have that motivation to start a new life and set things right and currently living. They have that motivation to start a new life and set things right. Just believe in God above anything else. He writes the story of your life and he’s the one capable of ending it but then along the way he prepared trials and good things for you. As the saying goes at Philippians 4:13 â€Å"I can do all things through Christ which strengthen me.† But then again, not all people have the guts to change things. Some preferred to stay in the darkness and lurk in the shadows. There are lots of effects if a person wreck his/ her dignity. One of these things is being a suicidal freak. They intend to end their life/ lives because they can’t endure no longer the pain, shame, guilt, anger and hatred. But what’s to get in killing yourself? What about those people who was always there for you and that you didnâ⠂¬â„¢t just realize? Won’t you feel sorry for them? Of course, there are lots of negative rumors about you. More people looking down and bullying you but then why don’t you speak up? Ignore those rumors for they’ll drag you down to despair. Let them talk all they want, stand up for yourself and let them see that even though something terrible has happened to you, you can still walk with your head held up high. People are so conscious about dignity especially the old ones. What’s in dignity really that every person should have? Simple, dignity is the source of you respect. If you want to be respected then protect your dignity. If you want to be respected, you have to give it in order to have it. It’s just like giving and receiving something much better in return. That’s how it goes. Remember the past where I stated that some people refuse to fight back and hide themselves in the shadows? Those people whose thoughts are field with negative effects, or things and that they might do more evil acts. They are one of those people who are spreading evil in this world. Examples of those people are drug addicts, sex addicts and so on. But then there are ways to convince those people. To snap out of them and make them realize that they are wrong. Most of theses people are teens, isn’t it a pity if we are not able to help them? We can still convince them from stopping them from doing evil things that can wreck their dignity. The best way, let them hear the world of the Lord our God. Just by hearing those words, they can realize and make things right once and for all. Their ill manners will change into good ones and they’ll be better persons. Lastly, if there is death in dignity, and there is living without dignity; which is more better, to die with dignity or to live without dignity? This question is bugging us for quite a while. Most of us, fear death that’s why we choose to live even under any circumstances. But what is living without dignity? Isn’t that hard? Those things depends in each one of us. It will be our decision in which will we choose. We are given the freedom to dot the things which we thought it’ll be best for us. But do remember, decide for the better outcome and don’t regret it later. There is nothing you can get for blaming yourself. III. Conclusion A. Summary In our body there are several important things that we have stated. The meaning of dignity, the effect of losing it and many more. There are so many temptations in this world like money, seduction and lust. Most that are tempted are the teenagers. Teenagers are young and they have much to learn. They believe in what they see and stand for it. Teenagers are young and they have much to learn. They believe in what they see and stand for it. Teenagers are like white cloth, it can be dyed with either good and evil. Those dyes are stains, hard to remove, hard to erase and even if it can be removed there are still marks left from it. Those marks can be a threat to our dignity by the greater threat is the dye. Whether you do the actual evil things or just cooperate with any of those acts, you still brought about the spread of evil in this world. You have not helped in making this world a better place to live in. Therefore, protect your dignity, value it, give importance to it. For your whole well being lies on it. B. Recommendation We recommend for you those elders to guide the young ones to the right path. To lead them to a brighter future. And for those who have lost their ways help them to get back and find the good tracks. Even if we lost once, it doesn’t mean we lost forever, let us fight back. We mustn’t stop nor step backwards instead we move forwards. People around you are there for you. Let’s help one another, don’t discourage instead give courage. Respect others, it builds foundation towards relationship. And ask God for help for he knows what to do.

Biography of Mary McLeod Bethune

Biography of Mary McLeod Bethune Mary McLeod Bethune spent her life educating and working to earn human rights for African Americans. She was an educator, advocator, leader, and humanitarian that dedicated many years to equality and the uplift of African-Americans lifestyles. She felt that education and access to knowledge was the only way to battle adversities that were crippling the black community. Bethune took on and accomplished many great tasks as an African-American woman in hopes of proving that one person can make a powerful positive impact on society. She was born on July 10, 1875 in Mayesville, South Carolina to Samuel and Patsy McLeod. Mary McLeod was the fifteenth of seventeen children. Both her parents had been slaves, but after emancipation they acquired land and began instilling vital attributes within their children. As a child Mary worked the cotton field, witnessed her parents provide religious and food services to others, and helped her mother with the laundry that she did for local white people. One day Bethune had an experience that would motivate her to become an educated African-American woman. While delivering the laundry with her mother to a white employer Mary McLeod picked up a book the customers granddaughter lashed out telling her to put the book down because blacks could not read (Bolden, 1998, p.94). Historian John Hope Franklin said, education was the greatest single opportunity to escape the indignities and proscriptions of an oppressive white south (Bolden, 1998, p.95). The pain young Mary felt on that day inspired her to take an interest in education and provoked the need to overcome oppression. Mary attended a local Presbyterian missionary school during her early years. Around the age of twelve Mary McLeod received a scholarship to attend Scotia Seminary in Concord, North Carolina. Merry Chrissman, a Quaker, wanted to give a promising student a chance at continuing education by paying their tuition for a year. Emma Wilson, Marys teacher from the missionary school, choose her as the recipient (Wilds, 2004, p.24-25).At Scotia, Mary McLeod had her first educational experience with white people. According to Wright (1999, p.9) Mary stated the following in regards to education at Scotia it: broadened my horizon and gave me my first intellectual contacts with white people, for the school had a mixed faculty. The white teachers taught that the color of a persons skin has nothing to do with his brains, and that color, caste, or class distinctions are an evil thing. Seven years later Mary McLeod Bethune graduated from Scotia. Years at the Christian school had reinforced her faith and Mary decided that she wanted to be a missionary in Africa. Mary began attending the Moody Institute for Home and Foreign Missions, in Chicago. At Moody Mary was the only African-American student, but this time helped her realize that black and white people could live and work together with objectivity (Johnson-Miller, 1998). Marys requests to be a mission were denied by the institution (Bolden, 1998, p.98). Reasons behind this decision by the institute were that there were no openings for Negro missionaries in Africa (Wright, 1999, p. 5). Mary describes this as the greatest disappointment in my life (Wilds, 2004, p. 26). Mary prevailed over this disappointment and decided that instead of teaching Africans she would begin working with African-Americans. So under the instruction of Lucy Laney Mary McLeod started teaching at Haines Institute, in Augusta, Georgia. During this time Mary McLeod and Lucy Laney were dedicated to supporting the derelict children in this low-income community. Other black communities that Mary traveled to and taught in were Sumpter, South Carolina, Savannah, Georgia, and Palatka, Florida. In Palataka, Florida McLeod organized the Mission Sabbath School for the poorest children. (Hine, Brown, Terborg-Penn, 1992, p.114). Mary McLeod met Albertus Bethune during her time at the Presbyterians Kendall Institute in Sumter, South Carolina. They married in 1898, and had one child Albert McLeod Bethune (Hine et.al, 1992, p.114). Their marriage was not jovial, and the Bethunes separated in 1907. Albertus Bethune died in 1918. While advancing blacks Mary did not incorporate marriage and fa mily often, they were secondary institutions. Her failed marriage may have been the reason behind this. Albert McLeod Bethune never finished college and was unsuccessful at several jobs. In 1920 he had a son, Albert McLeod Bethune Jr., which Mary adored. She adopted him and reared him, Albert McLeod Bethune Jr. went on to get a Masters Degree in Library Sciences and worked as a librarian in Daytona beach at the institution his grandmother founded (Hine et.al, 1992, p. 114). Many blacks were heading to Floridas east coast to do railroad construction, so Bethune followed with aspirations of opening a school in the area. The conditions of the blacks in Daytona stunned her. She recalled, hundreds of Negroes had gathered in Florida for construction work. I found there dense ignorance and meager educational facilities, racial prejudice of the most violent type crime and violence (Wright, 1999, p.7) Bethune knew that this was the place to began making a change. On October 3, 1904 Bethune founded the Daytona Educational and Industrial Training School for Negro Girls. She modeled her school after her alma mater, Scotia Seminary. According to Jessie Carney Smith (2001, p.68) Mary stated that she started the school with five little girls, a dollar and a half and faith in God. The early days were quite difficult; Mary McLeod begged for rudiments and gathered dry goods boxes for benches. However with help from Daytonas black leaders and influential white men and wo men the school excelled. In 1905, it was chartered as the Daytona Normal and Industrial Institute for Negro Scholars. Stressing religion and industrial education the students were active participants in the production and handling of food to meet needs and provide income to the school. There were many volunteers and less regular teachers, who were paid from fifteen to twenty dollars a month with board included (Wright, 1999, p.7). Her plan for the school was to have the girls educated on how to upkeep the home, which would include sewing and cooking so they would have skills to be hired as a maid, cook, dressmaker and above all a teacher. Financial assistance was low but a creative Bethune explored many avenues to gain aid. She organized a choir that gave concerts in churches and hotels to bring in money. Bethune became familiar with important businessmen such as, Thomas White, John D. Rockefeller, Henry J. Kaiser and James M. Gamble, though these financial undertakings. These men took notice in Bethune and her school, provided funding, and eventually formed her board of trustees (Wright, 1999, p.8). The institute continued to expand as Bethune advocated for her students and the necessity for blacks to have access to the same levels of education as whites. She wanted to prevent limitation and offer blacks a chance at becoming productive members of society. In 1923 the Daytona Institute merged with the coeducational Cookman Institute in Jacksonville, Florida (Smith, 2001, p.68). Combined they became known as Bethune-Cookman College (BCC). The unification could not have come at a better time. With the onset of the Great Depression Bethune might have not been able to weather the storm along, but as a determined woman she did take necessary precautions to keep the school running; such as cancelling athletic and social affairs, slashing salaries and cutting courses (Hine et.al, 1992, p.116). She believed that Bethune-Cookman College was the only option that many blacks had to attend college, and if the white colleges could make it through the depression she knew her school could as well. In 1942 Bethune-Cookman became a four year college, but the school never lost sight of Bethunes founding principle of combining religion, vocational program, and academia. Bethune had accomplished an amazing task by starting with a school for destitute youth but in the end cultivating a senior college. Mary McLeod Bethune was seeking to make change during a time of great oppression and she faced great resistance to social change by many whites around here in the southern states. Nothing deferred her from her dream of educating and improving the lives of black women. Despite threats from the Ku Klux Klan she led a successful black voter registration drive. She wanted her students and other black women to rise above barriers placed on them by society (Sicherman et.al, 1980, p.77). She established herself as a strong black woman and did not let the Jim Crow laws or persistence of whites to keep blacks in low-end jobs slow her down. Establishing a school was the foundation of Bethunes prominence in the womens club movement. From 1917-1924 Bethune served as the president of the Florida Federation of Colored Women. As president of this organization Bethune was faced with three main issues World War I (WWI), female enfranchisement , and rehabilitative services for delinquent black girls. In response to Americas entry into WWI Bethune promoted canning and preserving food, making articles for soldiers and their families, and assisting the Red Cross. In accord with the Nineteenth Amendment to the constitution voter rolls became open to women in Daytona. Despite the Ku Klux Klans attempt to sway and impede Bethune organized and registered herself, her entire faculty and staff, and other local black women (Hine et.al, 1992, p.118). Continuing with her legacy of offering chances to young women Bethune began to tackle the issue of a rehabilitative environment for delinquent black girls. Black female juvenile delinquents w ere placed in prison with adult lawbreakers, because there was not a facility that was for unruly black female youth. However there was a facility for white juvenile delinquent youth, the Industrial School in Ocala. In response to this the Florida Federation of Colored Womens Clubs launched an alternative facility for up to twelve residents in Ocala (Hine et.al, 1992, 118). Bethune opened the new Industrial School on September 20, 1921. This facility was directly funded by Bethune and a financial campaign until the late 20s when the state finally began funding this facility. Florida had been funding the Industrial School for white juvenile delinquents since 1913(Hine et.al, 1992, 118). Bethune believed that these young girls needed direction that they were not getting in the state prison in Raiford. She developed this facility in attempt to continue reducing unfairness and inequality that black women endured from systems in America. While heading the Florida Federation of Colored Wo mens Clubs Bethune founded the Southeastern Federation of Colored Women in 1920. Through this organization Bethune created relationships with open-minded white women for common welfare (Hine et.al, 1992, p.118).Contributing leadership for the womens general committee of the regional Commission on Interracial Cooperation was a great feat for the Southeastern Federation of Colored Women (Hine et.al, 1992, .118). Bethunes presence, values, and drive were unavoidable when she became president of the National Association of Colored Women (NACW). According to Sicherman et.al (1980 p.78) reaching presidency of the NACW was the highest office that a black woman at this time could aspire to reach. NACW was the premier black womens organization. Bethune benefited directly from working with the NACWs white counterpart the General Foundation of Womens Clubs. During her presidency of this association Bethune used her girls school as a base for NACW civic and charitable work (Hine, 1992, p117). As president of the NACW, Bethune worked intensely on projecting a positive image of black women to whites. She wanted to create roles for black women in both national and international arenas, she stated to her members, we must make this national body of colored women a significant link between the peoples of color throughout the world (Smith, 2001, p.70). Bethunes statement showed how advanced and limitless her thinking was as an activist. She wanted black women to understand that any goal was attainable. Bethune enhanced this organization by revising the constitution, improving their periodical, National Notes, and exemplifying great communication. The organizations first fixed headquarters was established in Washington, D.C. under Bethune (Sicherman et.al, 1980, p.78). The NACW was the first all-black organization operating in the nations capital with other white national organizations. Working with the NACW had halted Bethunes focus on black womens presence in national affairs. Bethune wanted black women to play a tangible role in the legislative process involving individual and family survival. Bethune felt the best way to reach this point was to establish an organization that encompassed all existing national womens organizations (Hine, 1992, p.120). NACW continuously declined her emphasis upon a cohesive body. Realizing that NACW was deeply involved in local issues, and did not grasp her hopes for black women on a national level Bethune fashioned her own vision. In December of 1935 Bethune founded the National Council of Negro Women (NCNW). NCNW united major national black womens association (Sichermen, 1980, p.80). In Bethunes fourteen year presidency she focused the councils activities on segregation and discrimination, on cultivation of international relationships, and on national liberal causes. Increasing the membership Bethune made chapters of NCNW in majo r cities. By the end of her term Bethune had developed a council that included twenty-two national womens organizations, academic sororities, Christian denominational societies, fraternal associations, auxiliaries, and eighty-two local councils (Hine, 1992, p.120). She also established headquarters for the NCNW in Washington, DC., employed a full-time staff, and initiated the Aframerican Womens Journal. With the NCNW Bethune brought visibility to black women in the nations capital, through the Conference on Governmental Cooperation in the Approach to the Problems of Negro Women and Children. During these conferences sixty-five women of African descent met with the government employees to discuss incorporating black females into social bureaucracies. In 1941 the War Department accepted NCNW as a member of its womens advisory council (Hine et.al, 1992, p.120). Acceptance by the War Department allowed organized black women to participate in government programs. This accomplishment gave the NCNW more leeway in endorsing federal employment, effective enfranchisement, anti-lynching, and internationalism. Bethune fought to diminish racist practices and gender prejudices through conferences, petitions, and civil service reform. The NCNW took a commanding stand on women in the military. Their goal was reached in all services in 1949 when the womens Marine Corps admitted a black applicant (Hine et.al, 1992, p.120). Bethunes inner workings with the Franklin Roosevelt Administration helped her rise the NCNW to great heights. Mary McLeod Bethune met Eleanor Roosevelt at a luncheon at Franklin Delano Roosevelts mothers house. They became allies forming a bond that would work to improve Blacks opportunities on a national level. Eleanor Roosevelt advocated on behalf of blacks and Bethune to her husband and other politicians many times. During the Depression the Black community felt like it was being ignored within the national relief plan the FDR was implementing. According to Wright (1999 p. 10) The Negro press told Eleanor that the only way the Negro is going to get fair treatment is for the government to see to it that a strong, capable Negrois appointed to get things moving in the right direction for Negro relief. Bethune was that strong and capable Negro, so Roosevelt asked her to accept an appointment on the advisory board of the National Youth Administration. NYA was established in 1935 to aid young people ages sixteen to twenty- four during the Great Depression (Smith, 2001, p.70). This was the first post filled by a black woman in the history of the United States. Bethune and her staff educated millions of underprivileged children and she enrolled 600,000 students in the classes NYA was offering in her first year. When Roosevelt created the office of Division of Negro Affairs of the NYA he made Bethune the director (Wright, 1999, p.10). With this position through the New Deal Bethune continued to resolve disagreements between her white colleges and black constituents. According to Smith (2001, p. 71) Bethune brought great assets to this position her charismatic personality, platform style, insight into race relations, abilities to influence people, and well known reputation. In attempt to pool the individual talents of all the Blacks in Roosevelt administration Bethune created the Black Cabinet. The Black Cabinet offered an esteemed Black presence in politics at the capital, and coordinated government programs for Blacks. Bethune saw that Blacks were included in all new progra ms that the NYA offered. The Civilian Pilot Training Program included six black colleges offering flight instruction. Their programs laid the foundation for black pilots in the military (Hine et.al, 1992, p.125). Bethune left government when the NYA was eradicated in 1944, but she never ended her fight for the black race. She fought discrimination within the armed forces, serving as a Special Civilian Assistant to the war department. Bethune served as a US delegate and she represented the NAACP at the first meeting of the United Nations. She was also on President Trumans Committee for National Defense (Wright, 1999, p.12) n her late seventies Bethune returned to her cottage on the Bethune-Cookman campus. She died at the age of 79 from a heart attack on May 18, 1955 (Smith, 2001, p.72). Mary McLeod Bethune was an eminent leader that served on many councils and boards in addition to the organizations that she had initiated; President of the National Association of Teachers in Colored schools, vice president of the Commission on Interracial Operation, and president of the Association for the Study of Negro Life and History. Her advocation was important to the National Urban League, Southern Conferences for Human Welfare and the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (Sicherman et.al, 1980 p.78).Bethunes lifelong dedication to Christian faith and social services left a legacy of spiritual and social transformation. Her school that began as a rented cottage with five students but grew to become a senior college, Bethune-Cookman College, is the only historically Black college founded by a Black woman that continues to thrive today. Bethune inspired and became a role model for her students as she battled not only the issue of race but gender as well. B ethune had learned in her days at Scotia Seminary that whites and blacks could work together, often serving as the only Black woman in many committees the unequal distribution of Blacks in policy making arenas only inspired Bethune to continue encouraging Black women to reach new heights. Never halted by others disproval or lack of support Bethunes goal were limitless for Black women. She went from a little girl in Mayesville to a powerful advisor of President Roosevelt during the Depression and President Truman. Holding positions such as the Director of the Division of Negro Affairs of the NYA and presidency in the NCNW allowed Bethune to speak of the injustices that Blacks faced in employment, enfranchisement, social welfare policies, and education. She led many women out of jobs of servitude and introduced them to education. Bethune knew that education was essential it was the only way to improve the state of the black community. Bethune labored for equality during an era when there was no national concern regarding the lower status and conditions of blacks. References Bolden, Tonya. (1998). And Not Afraid To Dare: The Stories of Ten African-American Woman (pp.91-101). Scholastic Paperbacks Bostch, Carol Sears. (2002). Mary McLeod Bethune http://www.usca.edu/aasc/bethune.htm Hine, Darlene Clark, Brown, Elsa Barkley Terborg-Penn, Rosalyn (1992). Black Women in America (pp.113-128).Indianapolis, IN: Indiana University Press Holt, Rackham, (1964). Mary McLeod Bethune A Biography. Garden city, NY, 23 Johnson-Miller, Beverly. (1998). Mary Bethune. http://www.talbot.edu/ce20/educators/view.cfm?n=mary_bethune Sicherman, Barbara, Green, Carol Hud, Kantrov, Ilene, Walker, Harriet. (1980). Notable American Women the Modern Period: A Biographical Dictionary (pp.76-80). Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press Smith, Jessie Carney. (2001). Black Heroes (pp. 66-72). Canton, MI: Visible Ink Press Wilds, Mary. (2004). I Dare Not Fail: Notable African American Women Educators (pp. 24-24). Greensboro, NC: Avisson Press, Incorporated Wright, R Brian (1999, April 27). The Idealistic Realist: Mary McLeod Bethune, The National Council of Negro Women and The National Youth Administration (pp.1-12).Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia

Blackmur R.p., Form And Value :: essays research papers

Blackmur R.P., Form and Value in Modern Poetry, Doubleday, 1957. Justification This critique was first published as a journal article in The Southern Review, 1936 and later reprinted in the text entitled â€Å"Form and Value in Modern Poetry.† The author of the critique describes the meaning behind Yates’ poetry. He also describes Yates’ view of the world and explains how this influences the poetry and the response by many readers towards the work. Blackmur uses a comparison with other poets of the same era. Blackmur also describes in a way that is easily understood, the poetic devices employed by Yates in his works. Position of the writer The position of the writer, is that Yates is a great poet who combines technique with imagination. However, the content of his work and its symbolism is confronting to many readers and may not therefore appreciate the greatness of the poetry. The critics argument â€Å"The poet (and, as always the reader) has to combine, or fuse inextricably into something like an organic unity the constructed or derived symbolism of his special insight with the symbolism animating the language itself. It is, on the poet’s plane, the labor of bringing the representative forms of knowledge home to the experience which stirred them: the labor of keeping in mind what our knowledge is of: the labor of craft. With the poetry of Yates this labor is, as I say, doubly hard, because the forms of knowledge, being magical, do not fit naturally with the forms of knowledge that ordinarily preoccupy us.† What Blackmur is arguing, is that magic and the interpretation of this, is dependent on the reader’s knowledge of magic. He continues the argument, by implying that Yates believed that imagination was as valid a way of understanding the world as was logic. Blackmur also argues that because Yates has a view of life, that many readers do not share, the poetry is often interpreted as â€Å"sterile†. Exposition of the critics ideas and relevance Following the line of Blackmurs’ argument one can only appreciate the greatness of Yates’ poetry by understanding more about magic as a force in real life. However Blackmur claims that use of magic as a tool for poetry has two radical defects. The first defect is a lack of conventional authority outside the poem. The other defect is that Yates’ understanding of magic was not and could not be given in the words of the poem. Use of appropriate technical language Blackmur R.p., Form And Value :: essays research papers Blackmur R.P., Form and Value in Modern Poetry, Doubleday, 1957. Justification This critique was first published as a journal article in The Southern Review, 1936 and later reprinted in the text entitled â€Å"Form and Value in Modern Poetry.† The author of the critique describes the meaning behind Yates’ poetry. He also describes Yates’ view of the world and explains how this influences the poetry and the response by many readers towards the work. Blackmur uses a comparison with other poets of the same era. Blackmur also describes in a way that is easily understood, the poetic devices employed by Yates in his works. Position of the writer The position of the writer, is that Yates is a great poet who combines technique with imagination. However, the content of his work and its symbolism is confronting to many readers and may not therefore appreciate the greatness of the poetry. The critics argument â€Å"The poet (and, as always the reader) has to combine, or fuse inextricably into something like an organic unity the constructed or derived symbolism of his special insight with the symbolism animating the language itself. It is, on the poet’s plane, the labor of bringing the representative forms of knowledge home to the experience which stirred them: the labor of keeping in mind what our knowledge is of: the labor of craft. With the poetry of Yates this labor is, as I say, doubly hard, because the forms of knowledge, being magical, do not fit naturally with the forms of knowledge that ordinarily preoccupy us.† What Blackmur is arguing, is that magic and the interpretation of this, is dependent on the reader’s knowledge of magic. He continues the argument, by implying that Yates believed that imagination was as valid a way of understanding the world as was logic. Blackmur also argues that because Yates has a view of life, that many readers do not share, the poetry is often interpreted as â€Å"sterile†. Exposition of the critics ideas and relevance Following the line of Blackmurs’ argument one can only appreciate the greatness of Yates’ poetry by understanding more about magic as a force in real life. However Blackmur claims that use of magic as a tool for poetry has two radical defects. The first defect is a lack of conventional authority outside the poem. The other defect is that Yates’ understanding of magic was not and could not be given in the words of the poem. Use of appropriate technical language

The Causes of Deforestation in the Amazon Rain Forest Essay -- Exposit

The Causes of Deforestation in the Amazon Rain Forest      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Amazon Rain Forest crosses several national boundaries in South America, although the majority of it is located in Brazil. It covers over 3,562,000 acres, making it the largest in the world. But globally, over 138,600 acres of rain forest are lost each year to deforestation, 50,000 of those in Brazil alone (Holdsforth), and the world's rain forests are quickly disappearing. Deforestation in the Amazon occurs primarily for three reasons: clear-cutting, fragmentation, and edge effects.       The term "deforestation" refers to the clear-cutting of large sections of primary or original-growth forest, which causes the loss of native species of plant and animal life. This clearing of land is mainly due to agricultural needs, such as farming and cattle ranching, but also occurs to support logging and mining companies. The effect of the loss of forest is most obvious in the loss of native species. Eugene Ng, of the Hong Kong Technical Institute, explains that the "destruction of habitat forces species out of areas, or causes them to die." Other factors, according to Ng, "further restrict their range, exposing them to disease and predators."       Deforestation does not occur neatly. "Fragmentation" also weakens the rain forest. As large sections of rain forest are cut down by farmers, ranchers, and loggers, those plant and animal species are left to die. If all deforestation occurred along the outside boundaries of the forest, then some of the species could move deeper into the Amazon to survive. But as Mason Skold and Bill Myer explain, fragmentation produces "areas of less than 100 square kilometers which are surrounded by d... ...in Forest and to protect the species who live there must take into account how deforestation occurs.       Sources Cited    Center for Planetary Studies. "Deforestation Isn't the Real Problem in the Amazon." June 1996. http://www.ctr_planets/Amazon.html (7 June 2003).    Holdsforth, J. R. "Deforestation Estimates for Eight National Biozone Regions and Implications." 1990. http://www.biozone_project.html (7 June 2003).    Johns, Lucia and Freida Simms. "Deforestation: Global Problems, Programs, and Agreements." Environmental Policy Division,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Congressional Research Service. March 1997.   Ã‚   http://www.cnie.org/nle/for-4.html  Ã‚  Ã‚   (14 June 2003).    Ng, Eugene. "Deforestation Affects Diversity." Hong Kong Technical Institute. 1991.  Ã‚   http://www.hktech.edu/forests_diversity.html  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   (12 June 2003)

The Impotent Othello Essay -- Othello essays

The Impotent Othello Othello is one of the most extraordinary characters in all of Shakespeare's dramas. He enjoyed unheralded success on the battlefield, which gave him the reputation as one of Venice's most able generals. The Moor's military proficiency placed him in a class by himself in the same way his ethnicity distinguished him from his Venetian counterparts. These are two intrinsic and highly identifiable characteristics of Othello. But a much lesser discussed idiosyncrasy of the Moor was his sexual disorder - impotency. As striking as this claim sounds there is much evidence in the drama to support the idea that Othello was impotent in both sexual and social relationships. Othello's sexual impotence stifled the consummation of his marriage to Desdemona as the two never experienced sexual intimacy. His sexual disorder then sparked a social impotence: powerlessness in dealing with his wife and friends. In terms of shaping the final events of the drama, Othello's impotency played an even more vital role than his military might or Moorish heritage. Throughout Othello, there is much evidence to suggest that Othello and his wife Desdemona never consummated their marriage. Shortly after murdering his wife, the Moor remarked, "cold, cold my girl?/Even in thy Chastity" (V.ii.273-4). The final word Æ chastity - brings what actually transpired in their bedroom into serious question. By referring to Desdemona as chaste is it possible that Othello was divulging that he and his wife never had sexual intercourse? Other passages from the play indicate that this is indeed the case. Upon his arrival at the citadel in Cyprus, Othello invited his wife to their sleeping quarters for the second time with the following utterance: Com... ... character as his Moorish ancestry.   Ã‚         Works Cited Butler-Evans, Elliot. "'Haply, for I am Black': Othello and the Semiotics of Race and Otherness." New Essays by Black Writers. Ed. Mythili Kaul. Washington D.C.: Howard UP, 1997. 139-150.       CEINET. Impotence On-line. Online. Internet. Available: http ://www.cei.net/~impotenc/deth.html.       "Impotent." Oxford English Dictionary, Second Edition. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1989.       Koch, Carl. Living a Christian Lifestyle. St. Paul: Saint Mary's Press, 1996.       Sedwick, Eve. Between Men: English Literature and Male Homosocial Desire. New York: Colombia UP, 1985.       United States. Natl. Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. Impotence. Online. Internet. 9    July 1998. Available: http://www. niddk.nih.gov/health/urolog/pubs/impotnce/impotnce.htm#cause

Unemployment Rates in the United States

Unemployment Rates in the United States According to the most recent report put out by the United States Department of Labor, in the month of February, 49 states saw a decrease in nonfarm employment while Louisiana was the only one where they had seen an increase in nonfarm employment. California had a decrease in jobs since January by 116,000 with Florida in second with 49,500 jobs lost. While Alaska seen the smallest decease in unemployment by just 100. And again Louisiana is the only state to see an increase in employment since January by +0. percent. Louisiana seems right now in this economic bad time has no effect on the job level. Since last February, Louisiana has seen an increase in jobs by +0. 3 percent. Louisiana along other states (Wyoming, Alaska, and North Dakota) have seen an increase in jobs with Wyoming leading the way with a +1. 6% increase. Let take a different take on unemployment by breaking it down by regions. Which region would you think would have the biggest l ost in jobs? Was it the Northeast, the south, Midwest or the West. Well in fact it was the West (9. 2) and The Midwest (8. 6%). This really don’t surprise me since most of the automobile manufactories are based out in these areas with the trouble they have been having with the ill stated economy we are in right now. While the Northeast seen the lowest unemployment rate at a 7. 7%. While all of the four regions reported a jobless rate increases from February 2008 until February 2009, the largest increase in the unemployment rate was the West at a +3. %. The one state that has suffered the most in the state unemployment stat was again Michigan at an astonishing 12. 0%. While Wyoming had the lowest at 3. 9% unemployment rate, while Louisiana had an unemployment rate of 5. 7%. Louisiana has seen an increase in unemployment since February 2008 until now by 1. 9%. Michigan on the other hand has seen an increase by nearly 5% from one year ago. The unemployment rates in the United States have seen a drastic change since 2008 and so on. Many because of the tough economic times we are in. Most job losses came from the manufacturing area because of great fear of the economy and the cut backs that companies have to make due to the hard times. Although some states haven’t been hit as hard as others, like for example Louisiana, we have actually seen an increase in jobs from January 2009 until now, while others have lost more than 100,000+ jobs like in Michigan. Works Cited

Anatomy of Blood Cells Exercise 32

CROSS-SECTIONAL VIEWS OF AN ARTERY AND OF A VEIN ARE SHOWN HERE. IDENTIFY EACH; ON THE LINES TO THE SIDES, NOTE THE STRUCTURAL DETAILS THAT ENABLED YOU TO MAKE THESE IDENTIFICATIONS: STRUCTURAL DETAILS: ARTERY: ROUND AND THICK VEIN: THIN AND SQUIGGLY 2 CHARACTERISTICS OF TUNICA INTIMA INNERMOST TUNIC, THIN TUNIC OF CAPILLARIES 3 CHARACTERISTICS OF TUNICA MEDIA ESPECIALLY THICK IN ELASTIC ARTERIES, CONTAINS SMOOTH MUSCLE AND ELASTIN 4 CHARACTERISTICS OF TUNICA EXTERNA MOST SUPERFICIAL TUNIC, HAS A SMOOTH SURFACE TO DECREASE RESISTANCE TO BLOOD FLOW 5 WHY ARE VALVES PRESENT IN VEINS BUT NOT IN ARTERIES? Veins need valves to create pressure to pump the blood to the heart. Blood flows away from the heart and, therefore, the pressure is not required. Helps against gravity. 6 NAME TWO EVENTS OCCURING WITHIN THE BODY THAT AID IN VENOUS RETURN. 1. Respiratory â€Å"Pump†. Pressure changes that occur in the thorax during breathing. 2. Muscular â€Å"Pump†. Contraction and Relaxation of skeletal muscles surrounding the veins 7 WHY ARE THE WALLS OF ARTERIES PROPERTIONATELY THICKER THAN THOSE OF THE CORRESPONDING VEINS? Because the blood is pumped directly into arteries so there is more pressure on the arteries 8 THE ARTERIAL SYSTEM HAS ONE OF THESE; THE VENOUS SYSTEM HAS TWO BRACHIOCEPHALIC 9 THESE ARTERIES SUPPLY THE MYOCARDIUM CORONARY 10 TWO PAIRED ARTERIES SERVING THE BRAIN EXTERNAL CAROTID, INTERNAL CAROTID 11 LONGEST VEIN IN THE LOWER LIMB GREAT SAPHENOUS 12 ARTERY ON THE DORSUM OF THE FOOT CHECKED AFTER LEG SURGERY DORSALIS PEDIS 13 SERVES THE POSTERIOR THIGH FEMORAL 14 Ok, so you’re using my notecards which is great. I am glad I could help you out cause I wish I had someone to help me out when I took this course. I know Anatomy is super hard. I only ask that if you find these notecards helpful, you join Easy Notecards and create at least one notecard set to help others out. It can be for any subject or class. Thanks and don’t forget to rate my helpfulness! 15 SUPPLIES THE DIAPHRAGM PHRENIC 16 FORMED BY THE UNION OF THE RADIAL AND ULNAR VEINS BRACHIAL 17 TWO SUPERFICIAL VEINS OF THE ARM BASILIC, CEPHALIC 18 ARTERY SERVING THE KIDNEY RENAL 19 VEINS DRAINING THE LIVER HEPATIC 20 ARTERY THAT SUPPLIES THE DISTAL HALF OF THE LARGE INTESTINE INFERIOR MESENTERIC 21 DRAINS THE PELVIC ORGANS INTERNAL ILIAC 22 WHAT THE EXTERNAL ILIAC ARTERY BECOMES ON ENTRY INTO THE THIGH DEEP ARTERY OF THE THIGH, FEMORAL 23 MAJOR ARTERY SERVING THE ARM SUBCLAVIAN 24 SUPPLIES MOST OF THE SMALL INTESTINE SUPERIOR MESENTERIC 25 JOIN TO FORM THE INFERIOR VENA CAVA COMMON ILIAC 26 AN ARTERIAL TRUNK THAT HAS THREE MAJOR BRANCHES, WHICH RUN TO THE LIVER, SPLEEN, AND STOMACH CELIAC TRUNK 27 MAJOR ARTERY SERVING THE TISSUES EXTERNAL TO THE SKULL COMMON CAROTID 28 THREE VEINS SERVING THE LEG ANTERIOR TIBIAL, FIBULAR, POSTERIOR TIBIAL 29 ARTERY GENERALLY USED TO TAKE THE PULSE AT THE WRIST RADIAL 30 WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE CEREBRAL ARTERIAL CIRCLE (CIRCLE OF WILLIS)? PROVIDES ALTERNATE PATHWAYS FOR BLOOD TO REACH BRAIN TISSUE IN THE CASE OF IMPAIRED BLOOD FLOW IN THIS SYSTEM. 31 THE ANTERIOR AND MIDDLE CEREBRAL ARTERIES ARISE FROM THE __1__ ARTERY. THEY SERVE THE __2__ OF THE BRAIN. 1. INTERNAL CAROTID 2 CEREBRUM 32 TRACE THE PATHWAY OF A DROP OF BLOOD FROM THE AORTA TO THE LEFT OCCIPITAL LOBE OF THE BRAIN, NOTING ALL STRUCTURES THROUGH WHICH IT FLOWS? subclavian artery, vertebral artery, basilar artery, posterior cerebral artery 33 LABEL ARTERIES 34 LABEL ARTERIES 35 LABEL ARTERIES 36 LABEL ARTERIES 37 LABEL ARTERIES 38 LABEL ARTERIES 39 LABEL ARTERIES 40 LABEL ARTERIES 41 TRACE THE PATHWAY OF A CARBON DIOXIDE GAS MOLECULE IN THE BLOOD FROM THE INFERIOR VENA CAVA UNTIL IT LEAVES THE BLOODSTREAM. NAME ALL STRUCTURES (VESSELS, HEART CHAMBERS, AND OTHERS) PASSED THROUGH EN ROUTE. RIGHT ATRIUM -> RIGHT VENTRICLE -> PULMONARY TRUNK -> RIGHT OR LEFT PULMONARY ARTERY -> LOBAR ARTERY -> PULMONARY CAPILLARY BEDS IN LUNGS -> AIR SACS OF LUNGS.